WBI Intelligence

By Steven Van Solkema – Chief Investment Officer and Co-Portfolio Manager

Crosscurrents are defined as “a turbulent stretch of water caused by multiple currents, or, a situation in which there are conflicting opinions”. Why is this word on my mind as I reflect on the past six months and consider what may lie ahead? One obvious reason is our current Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has used the term quite frequently this year.  Starting back in December, Mr. Powell noted “some crosscurrents have emerged in the economic growth outlook”, which I believe was the first time he used the word.  Subsequently, he noted again the presence of “crosscurrents and conflicting signals” in several speeches throughout January, February and March. During a press conference on May 1, Mr. Powell said the uncertainties and crosscurrents had moderated somewhat. He soon changed his mind though during another press conference on June 19 when he back-pedaled noting the “crosscurrents have reemerged”. Most recently, in the monetary policy report to Congress on July 10, he used the word four times during his opening remarks and peppered it throughout his responses during the balance of his testimony. In short, everyone in financial markets is quite familiar with the term crosscurrents by now.  The real question is whether they can make sense of all the conflicting indications and navigate forth through the turbulent stretch of water that has defined the recent past and appears to be getting even more dangerous in the months ahead.

MARKETS IN REVIEW

The longest equity bull market in history kept on running in the second quarter, albeit with more volatility and significantly less return than the first quarter. The first half of 2019 marked the best six-month start to a year in over two decades for the S&P 500 which returned 17.35%, although the second quarter’s 3.79% return pales in comparison to the 13.07% return achieved in the first quarter. In contrast to the first quarter which included a significant rebound in January with three months of positive returns, things started to look scary again in the second quarter as May produced a significant -6.58% decline. In the end, the quarter was saved by another rebound in June.  I do like to point out that even though the market performed well in the first half, we ended June only +0.38% higher than where we were last September when the market hit its previous all-time high. Furthermore, while news reporters are all celebrating the new record highs and excellent first half of the year, we need to keep in mind that on December 24, the S&P 500 was down -19.71% from its high and we were only 0.29% away from an official bear market that would have ended the current bull market run.

Indices focused on stocks with strong value characteristics performed well throughout the first half, although not as well as the S&P 500. Large company value stocks, as represented by the Russell 1000 Value Total Return Index, gained 3.84% for the quarter. Small and mid-sized company (“SMID”) value stocks, as represented by the Russell 2000 Value Total Return Index, were also positive but did not perform as well producing only a 1.37% gain during the quarter. SMID value has recovered somewhat from its -25% selloff at the end of last year but remains in “correction territory” meaning that, unlike the S&P 500 mentioned above, it is still more than 10% below the all-time high it achieved last August.

Fixed income produced some nice gains as well so far this year with the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Index returning 2.94% in Q1 and 3.08% in Q2.

Power of Powell: The Fed is Driving the Rally

I started this review by talking about Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell’s recent use of the word crosscurrents. Before diving more deeply into those conflicting indications and turbulent waters we are seeing out there, it is worth noting just how much impact the Fed has imposed on markets this year.

Although all Fed members give frequent speeches, investors often listen most closely to the words of Mr. Powell to determine the likelihood of any material policy changes that may help or hurt the markets. There were two key moments in the first half of the year when Mr. Powell clearly helped change the direction of the market.  First, on January 4 he said, “We’re always prepared to shift the stance of policy and to shift it significantly if necessary in order to promote our statutory goals of maximum employment and stable prices.” Second, on June 4 he said, “We are closely monitoring the implications of these developments for the U.S. economic outlook and, as always, we will act as appropriate to sustain the expansion.”

The chart below contains the S&P 500 price history between November of last year through June 2019. Highlighted in blue vertical lines on the chart are the two days when Mr. Powell made the market boosting remarks mentioned above. It becomes quite clear that, in both situations, his comments helped reverse a negative trend and send the market rallying higher.

Furthermore, the market’s reaction to his words on those two days alone contributed a significant amount of the first half’s gains. The S&P 500 rallied 84.05 points on January 4 and 58.82 points on June 4 for a total “Powell Boost” of 142.87 points. The index increased by a total of 434.91 points during the first six months of the year which means almost 33% of the gains occurred thanks to those two “Powell Boost” days without even considering the gains that followed as a result of his change in tone or reassurance of action.

Certainly, Mr. Powell’s words and Fed policy always have the power to change market direction and give investors hope that more economic growth still lies ahead. The question we need to ask ourselves is whether market increases this year are justified by a true continuation of quality fundamentals in a record-breaking economic expansion, or, whether the Fed is just doing everything they possibly can to use monetary policy to push the market higher. Do the U.S. and global economies still show consistent signs of strength and positive momentum, or are we actually seeing signs of economic deterioration or even asset bubbles which might lead us towards the next recession?

Canary in the Coal Mine

In the same way coal miners used canaries to determine if the environment was dangerous far before they could identify the presence of any toxic gas, investors must look for warning signs that might not be obvious but should be taken seriously. One such warning sign is whether the market still has an appetite for riskier assets, or, are investors starting to play it safe.

The Russell 1000 Index is widely regarded as a gauge of investor appetite for large-capitalization companies (“large-caps”), which are typically large international firms with more diversified revenue streams and are less sensitive to the overall business cycle and liquidity problems. In contrast, the Russell 2000 Index is a gauge of investor appetite for small-capitalization companies (“small-caps”), which typically have less diversified revenues and are more sensitive to the business cycle and liquidity problems.

The Russell 2000 hit its all-time record high on August 31, 2018. In the “Small-Cap Companies Underperforming Large-Caps” chart, I have indexed the daily price returns of both indices such that each starts at a value of 100 on that date. This form of comparison allows us to look at the returns on the same scale. One critical thing to note is the Russell 2000 dropped well below the Russell 1000 in December last year and was still down around 10% from its high at the end of June. The Russell 1000 recovered better in the first half of 2019 although it ended up only 1.14% higher than its August 31 level.  However, a more ominous sign is the divergence between the two indices that occurred year to date as investors clearly favored safer large-cap companies versus riskier small-cap companies over the past six months.

As one analyst recently noted, “when the Russell 2000 is underperforming, it suggests investors are losing their appetite for risk, and the market is getting ripe for a selloff.” The analyst continued to explain that this divergence is even more interesting because it is coming at a time when “many feel the biggest headwind for the stock market and the economy is all the uncertainty surrounding the U.S.-China trade war, which should weigh on large-cap multinational companies more than small-cap companies that have more domestic exposure.”¹ The point being, even though small-cap companies are probably getting some degree of a boost from their lack of exposure to trade concerns, they are still significantly underperforming large-caps. This suggests investors are really trying to avoid the inherent risk of smaller companies that suffer when an economic expansion is ending, and the toxic fumes of recession begin to waft through the air. 

Trade Wars

One of the primary crosscurrents in the markets this year is the uncertainty surrounding a U.S.-China trade war as well as trade conflicts with other areas of the world. We came into the first half feeling like things were going to work out. Talks and negotiations were progressing, and it appeared that a resolution was possible. This ended abruptly when the U.S. received a copy of the 150-page draft trade agreement back from the Chinese on May 3 with material edits to the document. Apparently, core demands from the U.S. were deleted. Commitments initially made regarding the theft of U.S. intellectual property and trade secrets, forced technology transfers, competition policy, access to financial services and currency manipulation were eliminated by China and this yearlong conflict suddenly escalated again.

On May 5 President Trump tweeted “For 10 months, China has been paying tariffs to the USA of 25% on 50 billion dollars of high tech, and 10% on 200 billion dollars of other goods … the 10% will go up to 25% on Friday [and] 325 billion of additional goods sent to us by China remain untaxed, but will be shortly, at a rate of 25%.” This weighed heavily on markets and we saw a significant decline throughout the month of May as investors considered the effect on domestic and global growth that trade uncertainties could have. 

These trade risks were not limited to China. The U.S. raised the potential for tariffs on autos and other goods with the Eurozone and Japan. At the beginning of June, President Trump threatened Mexico with tariffs as well because of concerns regarding border security, immigration and NAFTA. The markets rejoiced when a deal was reached with Mexico, however, and President Trump agreed to indefinitely suspend the implementation of tariffs on that country’s goods.

With rare broad support from both political parties, Trump headed to the G20 meeting to meet with China’s President Xi at the end of June. Throughout most of the month, investors considered whether a trade deal would be reached at the meeting or, at a minimum, would there be some type of truce that would allow negotiations to start again. In the end, things cooled off a bit at the G20 meeting as both sides agreed to start working together once more, and markets celebrated briefly.

Looking forward, it seems that although many in the U.S. hope the trade uncertainties will go away soon, the Chinese appear to be digging in for a much longer confrontation.  Trump recently said the U.S. “still has a long way to go” on trade talks with China, and once again threatened to impose tariffs on the remaining $325 billion of Chinese goods if the two sides cannot come to a deal. These trade uncertainties have evolved into a new type of “cold war” that is primarily focused on technology but will likely impact global growth and spending across many industries for the rest of this year and potentially for many years to come.

Weakening Demand

Signs of slowing domestic and global demand started to become more frequent in the first half of the year. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) Manufacturing Index came in weaker than expected and declined to a 31-month low in May. This index is based on a survey of purchasing managers from more than 300 manufacturing firms and helps indicate the amount of demand and economic activity. Another similar indicator, the Markit U.S. Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index, dropped to a level not seen since 2016. The MNI Chicago Business Barometer, yet another summary of current business activity considered to be a leading indicator of the U.S. economy, plunged from 54.2 to 49.7 (50 is the line of demarcation between economic growth and contraction). This too was the lowest reading since February 2016.

These manufacturing related indicators suggest a slowdown in growth due to tariff-related concerns and trade uncertainty, but there were other signs of trouble as well. The Markit U.S. Services Index also fell in May to its fourth weakest level since late 2009. During a speech in late June, Fed Chair Powell discussed the incoming data and acknowledged that investment by U.S. businesses, or capital expenditures, has appeared to slow since the beginning of the year. He explained the outlook for the U.S. economy is cloudier now due to questions about the strength of the global economy, the decrease in capital expenditures as well as business confidence in general.

Earnings Season

As the first half of the year comes to an end, reports will now start coming in from companies that tell us how they performed in the second quarter. Typically, businesses always hope these earnings reports will be well received by the market which is accomplished by “beating expectations” of Wall Street analysts. At this point, it looks like businesses are very nervous about their ability to beat expectations however, and the potential for a brutal earnings season is another looming threat. Seventy-seven percent of companies that have issued earnings-per-share guidance ahead of publishing financial results have warned their upcoming numbers will fall short of Wall Street estimates. That is the second-worst quarter on record going back to 2006 according to FactSet.

According to other analysts, “The S&P 500 looks set to suffer its first earnings recession in three years … and early signs suggest the recession could continue into the third quarter.”² As of July 12, the estimate was that the blended year-over-year growth estimate for earnings per share for the S&P 500 was negative at -3.34%, according to data provided by FactSet.

Although Mr. Powell and the Fed are now acknowledging the crosscurrents and hinting that they might impose the first U.S. interest rate reduction in a decade at the end of July, many of us are asking whether it will be too little … too late. Will a Fed interest rate cut cause businesses to suddenly increase their capital expenditures just because it’s slightly cheaper to borrow funds? Will the interest rate cut help increase their net income and prevent further earnings declines in the quarters ahead? I think not. Overall, companies already have plenty of cash and credit (more on that in a minute), but what they don’t have is global demand.

Recession Probability and an Update on the Yield Curve

As you might have read in our prior commentaries or heard in the news yourself, a yield curve inversion has historically been a good predictor for an economic recession. An inverted yield curve occurs when the yields on short-term fixed income securities are higher than the yields on long-term fixed income securities. This is not the normal situation because typically, investors will demand more return for a ten-year investment, for example, than the return they will demand for a three-month investment. However, when investors perceive that risk in the near future is relatively greater, they prefer to invest in long-term investments even though they will earn less return.

In the chart above, we have plotted the yield spread between the three-month U.S. Treasury Bill and the ten-year U.S. Treasury Note. Typically, the number is positive when 10-year yields are higher than 3-month yields. As you will see, the spread became negative in 2006/2007 and the dark gray bar on the chart indicates the “Great Recession” that followed. Here we are again as the same yield curve has not only inverted but has remained negative since May 22 of this year. That does not necessarily mean a recession is imminent, but, this inversion has preceded every recession over the past eighty years.

The New York Federal Reserve Bank even created a model based upon this yield curve inversion. The model attempts to determine the probability an economic recession will occur twelve months ahead. In the graph below, the gray bars indicate every recession since 1960 and the green line indicates the model probability that a recession will occur in twelve months. I note that the 30% probability barrier appears to be a good watermark historically and as you will see on the chart, the model has increased significantly over the past year and is now above that level with a reading of 32.9% as of July 5. Could the next recession be twelve months out? Maybe, but the chart also demonstrates a few situations where the probability crossed the 30% watermark after the recession was already underway.

Corporate Debt: Possible Asset Bubble?

With a record-breaking bull market and economic expansion, several pundits out there are saying this time will be different, there are no signs of any asset bubbles, and we should not expect a recession for years to come. Must we remind them about the definition of insanity as repeating the same actions over and over again with the expectation of different results? The Great Recession of 2008 – 2009 was primarily caused by the housing bubble in which lending standards became too loose as banks struggled to keep up with insatiable investor demand for yield. Back then, individuals with poor credit and no documented income were issued mortgages that exceeded the value of the property they were buying. Those mortgages were then packaged and sold to investors who were looking for high-yield assets in a relatively low-yield world.

Are we are seeing the same scenario play out in corporate borrowing, rather than individual borrowing, this time? Chair Powell said during a speech on May 20, “Many measures confirm that the business sector has significantly increased its borrowing as the economy has expanded over the past decade.  Business debt relative to the size of the economy is at historic highs. Corporate debt relative to the book value of assets is at the upper end of its range over the past few decades. And investment-grade corporate debt has shifted closer to the edge of speculative grade.”

He continued to explain that not only is business debt at record levels and recently concentrated in the riskiest segments, but this highly leveraged business sector could amplify any economic downturn.

Another ominous sign occurred when, on May 30, the Financial Stability Oversight Council met secretly “in executive session” to discuss the recent surge in corporate borrowing and leveraged lending. Leveraged lending is another term for loans issued to companies with poor credit ratings. This type of borrowing hit a record amount of issuance in 2018 topping $125 billion, and the frenzy continued into the first half of this year. One analyst noted, “Increased [leveraged loan] demand will support issuance and refinancing activities” but that “highly-leveraged businesses could face severe financial stress in the next downturn.”

With historically low rates over the past decade, businesses have loaded up their balance sheets with debt. This certainly helped fuel the expansion, but we are once again seeing record amounts of borrowers with poor credit quality leveraging up as much as possible thanks to insatiable investor demand. Sounds familiar.

Is Your Portfolio Ready for Turbulent Waters?

Chair Powell definitely has one thing right: crosscurrents are everywhere.  Large-cap stocks ended the first half of the year only +0.38% higher than last September and small-cap stocks remain in a correction. Equity investors are favoring less risky assets. We might be on the verge of a full-blown trade war that could last for many years to come. Both manufacturing and servicing industries are showing signs of severe stress. Businesses are preparing investors for the worst reporting season in a long time. The yield curve continues to predict a U.S. recession is on the horizon. Highly leveraged companies with poor credit continue to issue more debt. And a global economic slowdown is already well underway.

Some investors are justifiably nervous as “net outflows for 2019 from U.S. equity funds totaled $41 billion” as of June 28. Against this backdrop, the Fed is clearly doing anything it can to keep the party going. The problem is this time, they don’t have as much “dry ammo” as they had in previous cycles. The Fed Funds Rate was at 6% in 2001 and 5.25% in 2006 before the last two recessions, but today it sits at 2.5% with a 0.25% cut likely at the end of July. Furthermore, ongoing market momentum appears to be supported almost entirely by Fed activity, corporate buybacks and investor fear of missing out on any remaining upside, rather than fundamentals and growth.

We have entered another period where bad news is good news for the market.  The market rallies on bad economic data because it solidifies the likelihood the Fed will start cutting rates. However, this underscores a disconnect between what is pushing the market higher and what should be pushing the market higher. With all of these crosscurrents, equity investors should be lowering their expectations for earnings and growth right now and identifying the best way to prepare their portfolio for the turbulent waters ahead.

Here at WBI, we have managed risk to capital for institutions and private investors for over 30 years. Our time-tested active portfolio management process has no mandate to be fully invested. For us, cash is a tactical weapon that can help protect investor capital during market corrections. We believe preserving capital to unleash the power of compounding is the most important element of a successful investment approach. WBI also uses its high-quality security selection process as another weapon in both our actively managed and passively managed strategies with the goal of participating in market rallies as much as possible when conditions are right. With all the crosscurrents in the market, we believe it is even more critical at this time to work with a manager that is specifically focused on protecting investor capital and navigating through the turbulent waters that lie ahead.

-Steven Van Solkema

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IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Past performance does not guarantee future results. The views presented are those of Steven Van Solkema and should not be construed as personalized investment advice or a solicitation to purchase or sell securities referenced in the Market Commentary. All economic and performance information is historical and not indicative of future results. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and there can be no assurance that the future performance of any specific investment, investment strategy, or product referred to directly or indirectly in this newsletter, will be profitable, equal any corresponding indicated historical performance level(s), or be suitable for your portfolio. Moreover, you should not assume that any discussion or information provided here serves as the receipt of, or as a substitute for, personalized investment advice from WBI Investments or from any other investment professional. To the extent that you have any questions regarding the applicability of any specific issue discussed to your individual situation, you are encouraged to consult with WBI Investments or the professional advisor of your choosing. All information, including that used to compile charts, is obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but WBI Investments does not guarantee its reliability. Sources for price and index information: Bloomberg (unless otherwise indicated). WBI Investments pays a subscription fee for the use of this and other investment and research tools. WBI Investments and Bloomberg are not affiliated companies.

Our current disclosure statement as set forth on Form ADV Part 2 is available for your review upon request.

WBI managed accounts may own assets and follow investment strategies which cause them to differ materially from the composition and performance of the indices or benchmarks shown on performance or other reports. Because the strategies used in the accounts or portfolios involve active management of a potentially wide range of assets, no widely recognized benchmark is likely to be representative of the performance of any managed account. Widely known indices and/or market indices are shown simply as a reference to familiar investment benchmarks, not because they are, or are likely to become, representative of past or expected managed account performance. Additional risk is associated with international investing, such as currency fluctuation, political and economic uncertainty. 

Annualized Rate of Return is the return on an investment over a period other than one year (such as one quarter or two years) multiplied or divided to give a comparable one-year return. Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA or “The Dow”) is a price-weighted average of 30 of the largest and most significant blue-chip U.S. companies. S&P 500 Index is a float-market-cap-weighted average of 500 large-cap U.S. companies in all major sectors. NASDAQ Composite Index (NASDAQ) is a market-value weighted index of all common stocks listed on NASDAQ. Russell 3000 Index is a float-adjusted market-cap weighted index that includes 3,000 stocks and covers 98% of the U.S. equity investable universe. Russell 1000 Index is a float-adjusted market-cap weighted index that includes the largest 1,000 stocks by market-cap of the Russell 3000 Index. Russell 2000 Index is a float-adjusted market-cap weighted index that includes the smallest 2,000 stocks by market-cap of the Russell 3000 Index. Russell 3000 Value TR Index uses the value characteristic book-to-price ratio to create a total return style index based upon the Russell 3000 which includes the performance effect of the dividends paid by stocks in the index. Russell 1000 Value TR Index uses the value characteristic book-to-price ratio to create a total return style index based upon the Russell 1000 which includes the performance effect of the dividends paid by stocks in the index. Russell 2000 Value TR Index uses the value characteristic book-to-price ratio to create a total return style index based upon the Russell 2000 which includes the performance effect of the dividends paid by stocks in the index. Barclays U.S. Aggregate TR Index is calculated based on the U.S. dollar denominated, investment grade fixed-rate taxable bond market including treasury, government-related, corporate, MBS, ABS and CMBS debt, and includes the performance effect of income earned by securities in the index. Barclays Global Aggregate TR Index is calculated based on global investment grade debt from twenty-four local currency markets including treasury, government-related, corporate and securitized fixed-rate bonds from both developed and emerging market issuers, and includes the performance effect of income earned by securities in the index.

You are not permitted to publish, transmit, or otherwise reproduce this information, in whole or in part, in any format to any third party without the express written consent of WBI Investments, Inc. 

This Market Commentary is a publication of WBI Investments^® © 2019

SOURCES

¹ Ibid

² Ibid

Many investors view the stock market like a casino—put all your chips on red or black and hope for the best. Investors are seemingly obsessed with instant gratification after the internet and iPhone eliminated the need to wait for anything. This “what have you done for me lately” mindset is dangerous when it comes to achieving financial success. Long-term investment planning has taken a backseat to the cacophony of the market casino’s blare. Lifetime goals seem to have been replaced by capturing short-term returns that are measured not only every year but quarterly, monthly, weekly, or even daily. A massive amount of energy is spent by the mainstream media to intensify and focus attention on chasing returns to keep up with passive indexes. The acute attention on returns has created legions of investors who have a fear of missing out (FOMO) on the next bull market jump or a fear of not getting out (FONGO) before the next bear market crisis.

The Federal Reserve Board (the Fed) carefully curated an asset bubble post-Financial Crisis to boost consumer spending and drive an economic recovery. The Fed “put” or backstop has aided in the dysfunctional view many have of the markets. After markets swooned in December 2018, the Fed showed they are willing to flip-flop on their interest rate and quantitative tightening program to prevent the market from falling into a large (the 40% average) bear market correction. 

Investors Are Losing to the House

The market’s run off the bottom in 2009 has been exhilarating. So why is this bull market so hated and underinvested by retail investors? The answer probably lies in what preceded this most recent bull cycle. The two brutal bear markets of 2000-2002 and 2008 may have permanently changed investors’ appetite for risk or loss. A recent study by J.P. Morgan covering the 20 years from 1999-2018 shows the S&P posted a return of 5.6% while the average investor* only captured 1.9% (Chart 1). How could the average investor fare so poorly? We believe the study confirms our experience, over the past four decades, of watching clients fail to “buy and hold” in the face of significant bear market losses of 20% or more. The conventional investment wisdom to build low-cost, diversified passive portfolios and to then “buy and hold” may be oddly out of sync with real investor behavior.

Investors’ dismal performance seems to center on this buy and hold advice that has been touted by the media and financial services industry for the past forty years. Investment Company Institute fund flow reports show investors flee markets during large market declines. We believe investors run when faced with normal market cycles that include large losses outside their risk tolerance. Investors don’t try to time the market. They are driven from the markets, bailing on their investment plans when losses exceed their tolerance level. Trying to follow the industry’s buy and hold mantra has led investors to “buy high and sell low” and then sit on the sidelines in cash. They often miss out on a good portion of early bull market returns that can be very powerful. Investors’ emotions leading to FOMO and FONGO can compromise a smart long-term investment plan. Let’s see how this could play out through the following examples. 

Which Would You Choose?

Investment A has fully participated in the last ten years of bull market returns and is passive by nature, giving investors a fairly symmetrical profile to a major market index. Investment A has a year-to-date (YTD) return through June 2019 of approximately 19%. Investment B is designed to be more risk-averse, providing loss protection in down market trends and careful security selection. Investment B includes a blend of stocks and bonds and has a YTD return through June 2019 of approximately 2% net of fee. 

Have the markets seduced you into chasing returns? Have you stepped inside the market casino, but are now confused? Then you may want to pause before determining your answer to the next question. Which investment would you choose? Your answer will probably depend on where you are on the FOMO-FONGO spectrum. Almost every investor I’ve ever met would choose Investment A with the higher return. 

Decades of investment management experience have shown me that investing successfully is all about your capital and compounding efficiently, and it’s rarely about short-term performance. If we delve deeper into the performance properties of the two investments over the long term versus a short-term YTD focus, all should become clear. Spoiler alert: Investment A mirrors the S&P 500 Index, and Investment B is WBI’s conservative Retirement Income strategy. 

From 2000 through 2018, which includes both bull and bear trends, the S&P 500 produced a 4.86% annualized rate of return. Table 1 shows drawdowns and return during the most volatile periods in this timeframe. It’s evident that to achieve the 4.86% return, investors holding S&P tracking products would have had to ignore a -43.75% max drawdown in the Dot-com bear market, a -45.80% drawdown in the Financial Crisis and a -13.52% drawdown in Q4 of 2018, based on quarterly calculation. Keep in mind, the most accurate view of index behavior is what you see on your tv screen daily. The S&P 500 had a drawdown of 19.36% in 2018, when calculated daily. Would you sit tight on your investment strategy if you lost almost half your invested capital—twice? 

Meanwhile, the annualized net return of WBI Retirement Income from 2000-2018 is 5.41%. More importantly, investors took significantly less loss during market crises in this strategy. We feel investors are more likely to stay invested through a 15% loss over a 45% loss or more. 

As it turns out, the Retirement Income strategy compounded much more efficiently over the long term by effectively curtailing losses, even though it has recently underperformed the S&P during the bull market trend. The short-term underperformance isn’t an oversight or a strategy fault—it is the result of active risk management that has raised cash to protect capital through recent volatility combined with a cautious stock selection process that evaluates securities based on value and momentum. Short-term mindsets will leave investors underwhelmed when markets are unstable. Advisors should comfort their clients by keeping focus on the long-term plan, rather than overthinking day-to-day gains and losses. 

Do Not Forget About the Downside

We have found that when people think about the word “return,” the image conjured is always a positive number. This type of psychological bias ignores the fact that market returns have been negative 40% of the time historically from 1928-2017. The market also tends to fall twice as fast in bear markets than it rises in bull markets. By minimizing losses in bear market cycles, your portfolio can better maintain the capital needed to compound most effectively. Even the most well-designed portfolios cannot prevent investors from buying and folding on their strategy when losses can exceed 40% in bear markets.

Increase Your Odds for Success

Investors need to distinguish what they want from what they need. Over the short-term, if you are anything like me, you want your portfolio to perform as well or better than the markets. Over the long-term, your portfolio needs to consistently grow, so you have a large enough capital base to provide the necessary income to help fund retirement. The best investing practice requires an investor to set long-term goals and benchmarks as the design parameters of portfolio construction. A formalized investment plan can dramatically increase the probability of success. Advisors need to help their clients determine their “loss tolerance” and “required rate of return” to achieve their goals. 

For more information on the WBI Bull|Bear Retirement Income SMA Strategy, click here.

Important Information

Past performance does not guarantee future results. The views presented are those of Don Schreiber, Jr., and should not be construed as investment advice. Don Schreiber, Jr., Matt Schreiber, or clients of WBI may own stock discussed in this article. All economic and performance information is historical and not indicative of future results. This is not an offer to buy or sell any security. No security or strategy, including those referred to directly or indirectly, is suitable for all accounts or profitable all the time. Performance shown is composite performance which includes both Traditional and Tax-Smart Strategies. The Tax-Smart SMA program accounts are subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of principal. The ETFs in the Tax-Smart SMA program accounts may invest in other ETFs, mutual funds, and Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs) which will subject the account to related additional expenses of each, and the risk of owning the underlying securities held by each. Investment risks may include but are not limited to: market, economic, political, interest rate, currency exchange, leverage, liquidity, credit quality, model, portfolio turnover, trading, REIT, high yield stocks, nondiversification, concentration, commodities, options, new fund, and client specific restrictions. WBI’s Passive ETFs are not actively managed and WBI does not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets. You should not assume that any discussion or information provided here serves as a substitute for personalized investment advice from WBI or any other investment professional. If you have questions regarding the applicability of specific issues discussed to your individual situation, please consult with WBI or your chosen professional advisor. This information is compiled from sources believed to be reliable, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. WBI’s advisory operations, services, and fees are in the Form ADV, available upon request. The allocation to ETFs can provide increased tax efficiency over traditional SMA approaches. We believe the structure of the Tax Smart Program provides several benefits in addition to the potential for increased tax efficiency. However, Clients should understand that tax-qualified accounts, such as IRAs, do not benefit from any additional tax efficiencies of the “Tax-Smart” structure. Please consult with a tax professional prior to making investment decisions.

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Net of Fee Performance (NFP) is net of WBI’s investment management fees and includes reinvestment of dividends and other earnings. Net returns reflect the deduction of the highest fee charged. Both NFP and Gross of Fee Performance (GFP) were restated effective February 28, 2017, to reflect the exclusion of management fees paid by the Affiliated ETFs to WBI held through the WBI Tax-Smart SMA program accounts which resulted in understating GFP, and as a result, NFP. Additional information is available upon request.

*Returns for average equity and fixed-income investors calculated by DALBAR. DALBAR uses data from the Investment Company Institute (ICI), Standard & Poor’s, Bloomberg Barclays Indices and proprietary sources to compare mutual fund investor returns to an appropriate set of benchmarks. The study utilizes mutual fund sales, redemptions and exchanges each month as the measure of investor behavior. These behaviors reflect the “average investor.” Based on this behavior, the analysis calculates the “average investor return” for various periods. These results are then compared to the returns of respective indexes. Ending values for the indexes and hypothetical equity and fixed-income investor investments are based on average annual total returns.

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Other strategies may have different results.

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“If your friends stay out in the damp, they’re liable to catch a cold, aren’t they?” – Clint Eastwood as “The Good”

My father loves a good classic Western film. One of the first ones we watched together was Shane, but soon thereafter I was introduced to Clint Eastwood in The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. I happened to watch it again recently and suddenly realized that, when thinking about the past quarter and what may lie ahead, I can’t help but think that, just like the movie, there are some good guys, some bad guys, but also some very ugly characters we might encounter as well.

MARKETS IN REVIEW

There was a substantial reversal in the markets between the end of 2018 and the beginning of 2019. We closed the books at the end of Q4 2018 with the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) falling -11.83%, the S&P 500 Index losing -13.97%, and the NASDAQ plummeting -17.54%. Indices focused on stocks with strong value characteristics were hit especially hard. Large company value stocks, as represented by the Russell 1000 Value Total Return Index, dropped -11.72% for the quarter. Small and mid-sized company value stocks, as represented by the Russell 2500 Value Total Return Index, fell by -17.12% during the quarter.

However, in stark contrast to the end of last year, equity markets started this year significantly well in the first quarter with the DJIA up 11.15%, the S&P 500 up 13.07%, and the NASDAQ up 16.49%. The Russell Value indices also came back nicely although the Russell 2500 small and mid-sized company index did not recover its full loss from Q4. Fixed income produced some nice gains as well this quarter with the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Index returning 2.94% in Q1.

Power of Downside Capital Protection (the “Good”)

Comparing the Q1 2019 and Q4 2018 returns, or just listening to the news, we notice that some clients might think that the recovery this quarter completely eliminated the impact from declines last quarter. One thing that we often remind our clients is that even when you see reversals like this, don’t forget that if you lose 10% of your money, you are not going to break even with a subsequent 10% gain. In other words, if you start with a $100,000 account and lose 10%, you’re left with $90,000 which will only grow back to $99,000 with a subsequent matching 10% gain. Similarly, in the case of the past six months, if you put that same $100,000 into a passively managed S&P 500 Index product on October 1^stlast year and didn’t touch it, you would have only $97,278 at the end of Q1 2019.

This is the reason that we remain so focused on protecting investor capital here at WBI. If we can help protect our clients from experiencing the full market downside exposure, like that which occurred in Q4, then they should have more capital left to put to work when the market recovers as it did during Q1.

Using the first simple example, if you started with $100,000 but were able to avoid just half of the -10% market return (suffering only a -5% decline) due to an active risk management strategy, you would have $95,000 left (vs. $90,000). And then, even if you only participated in half of the subsequent +10% market recovery (earning only +5% vs. the market), you would end up with $99,750.

So, the “Good” character here in our story focuses on protecting against that loss of capital first. Because even if you only experience 50% of the subsequent market recovery – and you might be concerned that your 5% return is not as good as the current 10% market recovery – you still end up with more capital anyway ($99,750 vs. $99,000 in my simplified example) because you avoided the full impact of that initial loss in a prior period.

However, in the best Western movies, the “Good Guys” don’t become the heroes without suffering through some difficult gun battles. And similarly, WBI and others that are trying to actively manage risk and protect investor capital over the past six months were forced to fight through some tough situations due to extremely volatile markets.

As you’ll see in the chart below, the lowest closing price for the S&P 500 Index last year came on Christmas Eve. Between October 1^st and December 24^th, the S&P 500 Index declined -19.63%, and, it certainly looked like markets were going to continue the same volatile and portfolio crushing downward trend, which had started three months earlier, well into the new year. Subsequently, the “Santa Claus” rally between December 26^th and December 31^st added back over 6% before the end of the year only to then sell off again in the first week of January suggesting that maybe this was just a temporary pause before the violent declines continued further.

So, it really wasn’t until the second or third week in January when there appeared to be some degree of confirmation that the downward trend had abated for now. And since that time, the S&P 500 Index has returned about 9%. That’s a difficult gun battle for even for the best “Good Guys” out there as their portfolio management process is working to protect investor capital from false positives and further downside losses. Although I doubt that anyone could have perfectly called the December 24^th bottom, WBI portfolio management has recently enhanced its process such that our actively managed products are able to get out of the market faster when conditions deteriorate, and similarly get back invested in the market faster when conditions improve.

S&P 500 Index (9/30/18 – 3/31/19)

Who is Really Buying Stocks Right Now? (the “Bad”)

Listening to the news or looking at the charts, one would likely come to the conclusion that everyone is piling back into the market this quarter. The worst is behind us and the best is yet to come according to some pundits, so make sure to invest all your capital back in those passive index funds they advise (after suffering that 20% decline that justifiably scared most investors onto the sidelines last fall).

The hidden secret is that retail investors are being much more cautious than it would seem and the current market rally appears to be supported more by company buybacks than anything else. One easy way to see this is by looking at the amount of retail investor capital that is sitting on the sidelines in money market funds these days.

During the Q4 correction last year, there was a significant spike in retail money market fund levels. The increase in retail money market funds was similar to what happened in 2007-2009 and would suggest a degree of panic selling of stock portfolios with the proceeds going into these short-term cash equivalents. Data provided by the Investment Company Institute showed that retail money market fund investments went from around $1 trillion in the beginning of 2018 to $1.17 trillion by the end of the year. Furthermore, even as this market rally has continued, flows keep coming in and retail money markets ended up Q1 2019 around $1.21 trillion, a level that hasn’t been seen since 2009!

According to overall money market fund data provided by iMoneyNet (including both institutional and retail), “money market funds recorded $21.38 billion in inflows to $3.04 trillion in the week ended February 12^th [which was] the highest level since the week of March 9, 2010.”²

So, if retail investors, and to some degree institutional investors as well, keep taking money out of the stock market and putting it into money market funds, who exactly is supporting the market rally right now? And furthermore, isn’t it surprising that we have seen such a strong bounce off December lows with so little evidence of retail participation?

One of the primary culprits here is what appears to be the ever-increasing amount of company stock buybacks that are occurring. Stock buybacks refer to the repurchasing of shares of stock by the company that originally issued them. According to some, stock buybacks are beneficial and help companies consolidate ownership, provide a way to pay off investors and reduce their overall cost of capital. However, companies can also use buybacks to “artificially” increase the value of their stock and improve financial ratios, especially in periods of market pessimism.

In 2018, “share repurchases [experienced] four straight quarters of increases and hit a record $806 billion — beating a previous watermark set before the financial crisis, according to S&P Dow Jones Indices.”³ But it didn’t end there. According to FactSet, we’ve seen yet another 59% increase this quarter (vs. Q1 of 2018) as companies in the S&P 500 repurchased $227 billion of their outstanding shares.⁴

In short, we must continue to monitor the stock buyback potential “Bad Guy” who seems to be one of the primary sources of support for the current market rally as both the retail and even institutional investor appear to remain largely on the sidelines.

Any Good News Left? (the “Ugly”)

The first quarter of 2019 marked the strongest quarterly advance in a decade for the S&P 500 Index. This came as investors gleefully listened to the Fed rotate 180 degrees from its hawkish stance to the message that it does not plan to raise rates any more this year and that it looks to end quantitative tightening as well. Furthermore, the uncertainty regarding a U.S. – China trade deal has all but disappeared as well, eliminating two primary causes of trepidation in the markets. Although there are still signs of slowing global growth, recent manufacturing data from both the U.S. and China helped ease investor fears for the moment. Further, companies aggressively lowered earnings expectations already, so I don’t expect this earnings season to significantly affect the market in one direction or the other. The job market is not displaying material indications of wage inflation and core inflation seems within the Fed target range as well suggesting that, if anything, the Fed’s next move might be to lower rates in 2020 rather than increase them.

However, all that news is already priced into the market, so, is there really anything else that is going to help keep this record-breaking bull market going? Maybe, but I’m not sure what it is at this point, and I’m not the only one who has doubts.

Following the recent inversion in the 3-month vs. 10-year yield curve, which hasn’t happened since 2007, is one of the most closely watched indicators by economists and has preceded every recession since 1960, one hedge fund manager told MarketWatch in an interview “I think people are going to be surprised where the S&P 500 is trading at the end of the year. We’re going at least for a 40% decline from the S&P’s top.”⁵

After U.S. homebuilding data disappointed in February as construction of single-family homes dropped to a two-year low offering alternative evidence of a sharp slowdown in economic activity, a chief economist told Reuters, “The sugar high is just about over… the risks are more toward the downside than the upside.”

Finally, we note that a record number of Americans are more than 90 days delinquent on their car payments according to the New York Fed.⁷ That equates to 7 million people and is higher than the prior record from 2010 following the last financial crisis. Although people typically think that you pay your mortgage first, there are also those who believe you pay your car payment first because you can’t get to work without a car. Either way, this statistic led Fed economists to note that “the number of distressed borrowers suggests that not all Americans have benefited from the strong labor market and warrants continued monitoring and analysis of this sector.”¹

Looking Forward

At one point during The Good, The Bad and the Ugly, Clint Eastwood’s character says, “If your friends stay out in the damp, they’re liable to catch a cold, aren’t they… or a bullet?” Although not a brilliant revelation, it stands to reason that if you hang around long enough in a dangerous environment, eventually, you’re going to suffer the consequences.

Right now, the economy and the markets are feeling a little damp to me. It’s not pouring rain yet, and we might be able to still enjoy a period of positive market returns for some time. But signs of deterioration abound and the likelihood of a recession at some point continues to increase with many economic reports we see, although probably not until 2020 at least.

Here at WBI, we have managed risk to capital for institutions and private investors for over 30 years. Our time-tested active portfolio management process has no mandate to be fully invested. For us, cash is a tactical weapon that can help protect investor capital during market corrections. However, WBI also uses its high-quality security selection process as another weapon in both our actively managed and passively managed strategies with the goal of participating in market rallies as much as possible when conditions are right. So, whether the next character in this movie is good, bad or even ugly, WBI works hard to help you win the investing battle.

-Steven Van Solkema

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IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Past performance does not guarantee future results. The views presented are those of Steven Van Solkema and should not be construed as personalized investment advice or a solicitation to purchase or sell securities referenced in the Market Commentary. All economic and performance information is historical and not indicative of future results. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and there can be no assurance that the future performance of any specific investment, investment strategy, or product referred to directly or indirectly in this newsletter, will be profitable, equal any corresponding indicated historical performance level(s), or be suitable for your portfolio. Moreover, you should not assume that any discussion or information provided here serves as the receipt of, or as a substitute for, personalized investment advice from WBI Investments or from any other investment professional. To the extent that you have any questions regarding the applicability of any specific issue discussed to your individual situation, you are encouraged to consult with WBI Investments or the professional advisor of your choosing. All information, including that used to compile charts, is obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but WBI Investments does not guarantee its reliability. Sources for price and index information: Bloomberg (unless otherwise indicated). WBI Investments pays a subscription fee for the use of this and other investment and research tools. WBI Investments and Bloomberg are not affiliated companies.

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WBI managed accounts may own assets and follow investment strategies which cause them to differ materially from the composition and performance of the indices or benchmarks shown on performance or other reports. Because the strategies used in the accounts or portfolios involve active management of a potentially wide range of assets, no widely recognized benchmark is likely to be representative of the performance of any managed account. Widely known indices and/or market indices are shown simply as a reference to familiar investment benchmarks, not because they are, or are likely to become, representative of past or expected managed account performance. Additional risk is associated with international investing, such as currency fluctuation, political and economic uncertainty. 

Annualized Rate of Return is the return on an investment over a period other than one year (such as one quarter or two years) multiplied or divided to give a comparable one-year return. Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA or “The Dow”) is a price-weighted average of 30 of the largest and most significant blue-chip U.S. companies. S&P 500 Index is a float-market-cap-weighted average of 500 large-cap U.S. companies in all major sectors. NASDAQ Composite Index (NASDAQ) is a market-value weighted index of all common stocks listed on NASDAQ. Russell 3000 Index is a float-adjusted market-cap weighted index that includes 3,000 stocks and covers 98% of the U.S. equity investable universe. Russell 1000 Index is a float-adjusted market-cap weighted index that includes the largest 1,000 stocks by market-cap of the Russell 3000 Index. Russell 2500 Index is a float-adjusted market-cap weighted index that includes the largest 1,000 stocks by market-cap of the Russell 3000 Index. Russell 3000 Value TR Index uses the value characteristic book-to-price ratio to create a total return style index based upon the Russell 3000 which includes the performance effect of the dividends paid by stocks in the index. Russell 1000 Value TR Index uses the value characteristic book-to-price ratio to create a total return style index based upon the Russell 1000 which includes the performance effect of the dividends paid by stocks in the index. Russell 2500 Value TR Index uses the value characteristic book-to-price ratio to create a total return style index based upon the Russell 2500 which includes the performance effect of the dividends paid by stocks in the index. MSCI ACWI Index is a free-float weighted index including both emerging and developed world markets. Barclays U.S. Aggregate TR Index is calculated based on the U.S. dollar denominated, investment grade fixed-rate taxable bond market including treasury, government-related, corporate, MBS, ABS and CMBS debt, and includes the performance effect of income earned by securities in the index. Barclays Global Aggregate TR Index is calculated based on global investment grade debt from twenty-four local currency markets including treasury, government-related, corporate and securitized fixed-rate bonds from both developed and emerging market issuers, and includes the performance effect of income earned by securities in the index.

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This Market Commentary is a publication of WBI Investments^® © 2019

SOURCES

¹ Ibid